The Gaojiacun Mafic-Ultramafic Complex （Sichuan, SW China）：Neoproterozoic Magmatic Activity at the Western Margin of the Yangtze Craton

1 Introduction The Gaojiacun intrusive complex is one of the numerous ultramafic-mafic intrusions in Sichuan Province of China. It was mapped during the 1970s and studied mainly by Chinese scientists (e.g. Geological Team 106, 1975; Shen et al., 1986, 1989; CGGJC, 1986; Yang et al., 1993; Li et al., 1995; Shen et al., 2003; Zhu et al., 2004a). Since the year 2000, China has become one of the largest PGE consumers. While the country can produce only less than 1 ton PGE/year, the Chin…     

新疆东天山十里坡自然铜矿化区马头滩组玄武岩锆石LA-ICPMS U-Pb年龄及其意义

新疆北部东天山十里坡地区近年来新发现了与玄武岩有关的自然铜矿化这一新类型。自然铜的赋矿地层-马头滩组中的赋矿玄武岩锆石 LA-ICPMS 年龄为307±4Ma,对应于晚石炭世,显示该套赋矿地层属于上石炭统。从该区自然铜赋矿火山岩所限定的时间看,成矿背景应属于后碰撞环境。东天山十里坡地区自然铜矿化的构造背景、成矿系统和矿化类型与峨眉山玄武岩自然铜矿化和美国基威诺铜矿床均存在差异,自然铜矿化的成因可能也存在差异。     

Effect of Stern-layer on the compressibility behaviour of bentonites

The Stern theory as applicable to interacting parallel clay platelet systems was used to study the compressibility behaviour of bentonites. For a constant surface electrical potential, the distribution of the total electrical charge among the Stern-layer and the Gouy-layer was found to have significant influence on the electrical potential at the midplane between clay platelets. Consideration of the Stern-layer was found to reduce the repulsive pressure or the swelling pressure between clay platelets at large platelet spacing, whereas the repulsive pressure increased significantly when the interacting Gouy-layers were pushed aside. A far greater repulsive pressure was noted for Ca-bentonite than that occurred for Na-bentonite at a platelet distance close to 1.0 nm. Similarly, strong interaction between clay platelets was noted due to suppressed Gouy-layers when the bulk fluid concentration was increased. The repulsive pressure generated due to the overlapping of the Stern-layers was found to be sensitive to changes in the specific adsorption potential, the dielectric constant of the pore fluid in the Stern-layer, and the surface electrical potential. Comparisons of the calculated pressure–void ratio relationships from the Stern theory and the Gouy-Chapman diffuse double layer theory with the experimental consolidation test results of Na- and divalent-rich bentonites showed that, in general, the Stern theory improved the predictions of pressure–void ratio relationships, particularly for pressures greater than 100 kPa; however, strong agreements were lacking in all the cases studied.     

Geochemical constraints on the genesis of the Sarıcakaya intrusive rocks,Turkey: Late Paleozoic crustal melting in the central Sakarya Zone

The Sakarya Zone is intruded by several Late Paleozoic granitoids, of which the Sar?cakaya intrusive rocks in the central Sakarya (Eski?ehir) region, is the least-studied. The Sar?cakaya intrusive rocks consist mainly of quartz diorite-granodiorite, granodiorite and granite. They are, geochemically, divided into two groups: diorites and granites. The former is medium-K and calc-alkaline (mainly I-type), whereas the latter is high-K to shoshonite and calcic (I-type). Typical minerals for both rock types are plagioclase, K-feldspar, quartz, biotite, hornblende and Fe–Ti oxides. Chondrite-normalized REE patterns for the Sar?cakaya intrusive rocks are moderately fractionated and have small negative Eu anomalies. They are enriched in LILE and LREE relative to HFSE showing characteristics of arc-related granitoids. Geochemical characteristics of the Sar?cakaya intrusive rocks indicate a hybrid origin through partial melting of lower crustal source rocks.     

新疆西准噶尔地区塔斯特岩体锆石LA-ICPMS年龄及其意义

西准噶尔萨吾尔地区地处新疆阿勒泰地区吉木乃县及塔城地区和丰县。酸性侵入岩在区内较发育,其研究对于准噶尔地区后碰撞构造-岩浆演化时限的厘定具有重要的意义。塔斯特岩体是萨吾尔地区重要的复式花岗岩体,与区内铜、金矿化关系密切。塔斯特岩体锆石 LA—ICPMS 年龄为337±4Ma(1σ),形成于早石炭世。结合已有的地球化学特征研究,这一年龄显示西准噶尔地区在早石炭世已处于后碰撞环境。本文获得的塔斯特岩体成岩年龄是目前在准噶尔地区获得的最老的后碰撞花岗岩锆石 U—Pb 年龄之一,为准噶尔地区后碰撞构造-岩浆演化时限的厘定提供了新的证据。     

Effects of Post-compaction Residual Lateral Stress and Electrolyte Concentration on Swelling Pressures of a Compacted Bentonite

The effects of post-compaction residual lateral stress and salt concentration in the hydrating fluid on swelling pressures of compacted MX80 bentonite is brought out in this paper. In order to release the residual lateral stresses, following the static compaction process during preparation of specimens, compacted bentonite specimens were extruded from the specimen rings and then inserted back prior to testing them for swelling pressures in isochoric condition. The swelling pressure tests were carried out at several dry densities of the bentonite with distilled water and solutions of NaCl (0.1 and 1.0 M) as the hydrating fluids. With water, the test results showed that specimens that underwent extrusion and insertion processes exhibited about 10–15 % greater swelling pressures as compared to the specimens those that were compacted and tested. The influence of saline solutions was found to reduce the swelling pressure of the bentonite, but their impact was less significant at high compaction dry densities.     

Seasonal distribution of cadmium among components of sewage treatment ponds: an eco-tech for heavy metal remediation

The study was designed to quantify cadmium accumulation in different components of sewage treatment ponds during different seasons and to assess risk for human consumption perspective. The study estimated cadmium concentration in water, sludge, Eichhornia, plankton and tilapia fish from anaerobic, facultative, maturation-1 and -4 ponds during pre-monsoon, monsoon and post-monsoon periods. It resulted that cadmium accumulated among different components of anaerobic, facultative, maturation-1 and -4 ponds ranging 0–18, 0–10, 0–7 and 0–15.4 ppb, respectively. During monsoon, highest accumulation was observed in tilapia in both facultative and maturation ponds, but during post-monsoon, plankton community showed highest value in all. The highest bio-magnification of cadmium was recorded during monsoon with varying degrees (facultative pond: 4.39, maturation pond-1: 3.03 and maturation pond-4: 7.08). Cadmium concentration in tilapia lied within WHO’s safe level and may be recommended for human consumption. The concentration of cadmium was estimated by Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The above findings occurred due to chelation, adsorption and sedimentation, absorption and bio-accumulation, ionization, leaching through sediment and rainfall. Water pH (6.7–8.8), dissolved oxygen (0–17 mg L^?1), total solids (251–650 mg L^?1), iron (Fe²⁺) concentration (0.61–4.87 mg L^?1) and sedimentation rate (278.9–2,409.6 g day^?1 m^?3) were conducive for the distribution of cadmium into different ecosystem components of treatment ponds. These ponds reclaimed 28.57–61.11 % of sewage-cadmium and may be promoted as a low-cost eco-tech for sewage treatment.     

Cosmological Models With Negative Constant Deceleration Parameter In Lyra Geometry

Bermann [Nuovo Cimento B (1983), 74, 182] presented a law of variation of Hubble’s parameter that yields constant deceleration parameter models of the Universe. In this paper, we study some cosmological models with negative constant deceleration parameter within the framework of Lyra geometry. PACS Nos: 98.80 cq, 04.20 jb, 04.50     

Assessing the oscillation of channel geometry and meander migration cardinality of Bhagirathi River,West Bengal,India

Journal of Geographical Sciences - Lateral migration of the Bhagirathi River temporally creates unavoidable geomorphic hazards in West Bengal, India. The Bhagirathi River flows SW for ~67.30 km...     

Can Lyra geometry explain the singularity free as well as accelerating Universe?

Observations of high red shift supernovae indicate that the Universe is accelerating. Existence of Big-bang singularity is one of the basic failures of general theory of relativity. In this letter we show that within the framework of Lyra geometry, the space-time of the Universe is not only free of Big-bang singularity but also exhibits acceleration during its evolution.